Scientists have developed light-activated eye drops that helped blind mice regain light perception and visually guided behavior. This research offers a potential new treatment for degenerative blindness. The compounds restored vision without gene therapy, implants, or specialized lighting.
Photoreceptor degeneration causes several forms of blindness, including age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa. These conditions affect approximately 200 million people globally. The diseases lead to the deterioration of photoreceptor cells in the retina. However, much of the retina's neural circuitry often remains intact.
The new compounds, called prosthe6, are photoswitchable small-molecule drugs. They are designed to mimic the function of photoreceptors. The drugs can be administered via injection into the eye or as eye drops. This method avoids genetic modification or implanted devices. The compounds have shown promising safety profiles in animal models.
Researchers observed that prosthe6 restored saccadic eye movements in blinded zebrafish larvae. It also restored innate light-avoidance behavior in mouse models of age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa. Blind mice treated with prosthe6 spontaneously preferred dark areas. This indicated their ability to detect light and use visual information. The effect occurred under normal indoor and overcast daylight conditions.
Prosthe6 targets ON bipolar cells, which are retinal neurons that normally receive information from photoreceptors. By activating a protein called mGlu6 within this surviving circuitry, prosthe6 effectively substitutes for the missing photoreceptor function. The molecules change shape when exposed to light, triggering signals in the retina similar to normal vision. The technology is protected by a patent, and researchers are working to extend the duration of restored visual function.
This photopharmacological approach could provide an accessible and affordable alternative for vision restoration. It may particularly benefit individuals with advanced retinal degeneration who currently lack effective treatment options. The research team is collaborating with Eyelumina, a spin-off company, to secure investments for translational development and future clinical trials.
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