Researchers from Brown University and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have developed a microfluidic device that measures cell elasticity and size. This new method, called a mechanophenotyping cytometer, offers a faster and more reliable way to assess cell properties. Changes in cell elasticity, often referred to as "squishiness," are linked to various diseases, including cancer and blood disorders.
The device measures a cell's mechanical phenotype by analyzing its time-of-flight through tiny liquid-filled channels. Softer cells tend to move faster through the center of these channels, while stiffer cells remain closer to the slower-moving edges. This approach allows for the rapid analysis of many cells.
Traditional methods, such as atomic force microscopy, measure cells one by one. This process is slow, taking about 30 seconds per cell. The new mechanophenotyping cytometer can analyze 60 to 100 cells per second. Researchers believe it could potentially process hundreds or even thousands of cells per second.
The collaboration used synthetic cell-like particles from Brown University as calibration tools. These particles had specific sizes and stiffnesses. NIST scientists designed the foundational cytometer device. This device features multiple measurement regions, which helps quantify errors for each particle.
Future research will use this device to study cells from human blood and tissue samples. Scientists hope to identify mechanical differences between healthy individuals and those with diseases like cancer. The goal is for this technology to aid in disease diagnosis and prognosis alongside existing medical methods.
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