Organic Molecules Found in 66-Million-Year-Old Dinosaur Bones

Scientists have found compelling evidence of original organic molecules, including collagen, within 66-million-year-old dinosaur bones. This discovery challenges the long-held belief that fossilization completely destroys all organic material. Researchers from the University of Liverpool led the study. They examined a well-preserved *Edmontosaurus* fossil from South Dakota.

The team used advanced techniques, including mass spectrometry and protein sequencing. These methods detected remnants of collagen, the main protein in bone. Researchers from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) also identified hydroxyproline. This amino acid is strongly associated with collagen in bone. This finding confirmed the presence of degraded collagen fragments within the fossil.

Professor Steve Taylor, chair of the Mass Spectrometry Research Group at the University of Liverpool, stated that organic biomolecules appear to be present in some fossils. This refutes the hypothesis that any organics found in fossils are solely due to contamination. The study's findings were published in *Analytical Chemistry*.

This research has significant implications for paleontology. If proteins can survive for millions of years, scientists could gain new ways to study extinct animals. Molecular traces might reveal evolutionary relationships between dinosaur species. They could also provide insights into dinosaur growth, aging, physiology, and disease. Scientists may need to re-examine older fossil samples for overlooked evidence of preserved collagen.

The discovery also raises questions about how these molecules survived such vast timescales. Proteins typically degrade over time. Researchers are investigating whether mineral interactions within bone might protect collagen fragments from decay. Certain burial environments and microscopic bone structures may create stable conditions that slow chemical breakdown. *Edmontosaurus* fossils are known for exceptional preservation, sometimes retaining detailed skin impressions.

These findings suggest that some fossils may act as molecular time capsules. They could preserve traces of prehistoric biology millions of years later. This new perspective changes how scientists view fossils, moving beyond simple stone replicas of ancient bones.