A drug currently used to treat osteoporosis may prevent spinal damage, according to a new study. Researchers observed that genetic changes can initiate a process where the spine's natural shock absorbers harden and deteriorate. This finding could lead to new treatments for back pain.
Scientists at the Universities of Edinburgh and Bristol used zebrafish in their research. They found that zebrafish bred with a faulty collagen-related gene developed mineral buildup and spinal fusion. These conditions are similar to human disc disease. The study suggests that altered gene activity contributes to neck and back pain by damaging spinal discs.
The research team successfully reduced this damage in the zebrafish. They used an existing osteoporosis drug, a bisphosphonate, which prevented mineral accumulation. Spinal fusion was also reduced when the fish received less food or were treated with drugs that suppressed fat metabolism. These results highlight potential targets for future back pain medications.
The study revealed that the mineralization did not begin immediately. Instead, a supportive scaffold layer within the developing spine deteriorated first. Mineral deposits appeared after this initial structural damage. Analysis of gene activity showed problems with fat processing, the mTOR pathway, phosphate control, and vitamin A signaling. These processes are all linked to abnormal mineral accumulation.
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a major cause of back pain. Currently, no medications can stop or reverse its progression. Surgery remains the only long-term treatment option. This discovery offers new possibilities beyond surgical interventions for the millions of people affected by back pain.
The study was funded by Arthritis UK and BBSRC. It was published in the journal *Communications Biology*.
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