Salt-Adding Habits Differ Between Older Men and Women in Brazil

A study of over 8,300 older adults in Brazil found that men and women exhibit different patterns in adding salt to their food at the table. Men were more likely to add extra salt, with 12.7% reporting this habit compared to 9.4% of women. However, factors influencing this behavior varied significantly between the sexes.

Researchers analyzed survey data from Brazilians aged 60 and older collected between 2016 and 2017. Participants detailed their food and drink consumption over a 24-hour period and indicated whether they routinely added salt at the table. The study considered factors such as sex, age, education, income, living arrangements, and consumption of fruits, vegetables, or ultra-processed foods.

Among men, few variables were associated with adding salt. Men following a special diet for high blood pressure were less likely to add salt. Men living alone were 62% more likely to add salt than those living with others. This suggests that men's salt-adding behavior may be less directly tied to specific dietary patterns.

Women showed a more complex relationship between lifestyle and salt use. Women not following a high blood pressure diet had 68% higher odds of adding extra salt. Those living in urban areas or frequently consuming ultra-processed foods were twice as likely to add salt. Conversely, women who regularly ate fruits were 81% less likely to add salt, and those who consumed vegetables were 40% less likely.

These findings suggest that women's salt-adding behavior is more closely linked to broader dietary patterns and contextual characteristics. The study authors noted that taste preferences and long-standing habits likely drive the urge to add salt. They also emphasized that the study does not establish cause-and-effect relationships.

Public health campaigns aimed at reducing salt intake may need to be tailored to specific groups based on gender and lifestyle. Practical strategies, such as avoiding the routine placement of saltshakers on the table, could help reduce habitual salt use. The World Health Organization recommends adults consume no more than five grams of salt per day to reduce health risks.